Coronary Heart Disease

What Is Coronary Heart Disease?

Coronary heart disease (CHD) known in which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle.
When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis (ATH-er-o-skler-O-sis). The buildup of plaque occurs over many years.

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis

Figure A demonstrates the area of the heart in the body. Figure B demonstrates an ordinary coronary course with typical blood stream. The inset picture demonstrates a cross-area of a typical coronary supply route. Figure C demonstrates a coronary course limited by plaque. The development of plaque confines the stream of oxygen-rich blood through the vein. The inset picture demonstrates a cross-area of the plaque-contracted corridor. 

Over the long haul, plaque can solidify or crack (tear open). Solidified plaque limits the coronary veins and lessens the stream of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. 

On the off chance that the plaque breaks, a blood coagulation can structure on its surface. An extensive blood clump can for the most part or totally piece blood move through a coronary conduit. Over the long run, cracked plaque additionally solidifies and contracts the coronary courses. 

Overview

On the off chance that the stream of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle is decreased or blocked, angina (a JI-nuh or A juh-nuh) or a heart assault can happen. 

Angina is midsection torment or inconvenience. It may feel like weight or pressing in your midsection. The agony additionally can happen in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina agony may even feel like heartburn. 

A heart assault happens if the stream of oxygen-rich blood to a segment of heart muscle is cut off. On the off chance that blood stream isn't restored rapidly, the segment of heart muscle starts to kick the bucket. Without fast treatment, a heart assault can prompt genuine wellbeing issues or demise. 

Over the long haul, CHD can debilitate the heart muscle and lead to heart disappointment and arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs). Heart disappointment is a condition in which your heart can't pump enough blood to address your body's issues. Arrhythmias are issues with the rate or mood of the pulse. 

Outlook

CHD is the most well-known sort of coronary illness. In the United States, CHD is the #1 reason for death for both men and ladies. Way of life changes, drugs, and therapeutic methodology can help avoid or treat CHD. These medicines may lessen the danger of related wellbeing issues.

Other Names for Coronary Heart Disease


  • Atherosclerosis
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Hardening of the arteries
  • Heart disease
  • Ischemic (is-KE-mik) heart disease
  • Narrowing of the arteries

Top 10 - List of Most Deadliest Diseases In The World

Many of the world’s deadliest diseases can be prevented. Knowing what they are may be just the incentive you need to take preventive measures.
The news is filled with stories about Ebola, and breast cancer gets a lot of press too. Would it surprise you to know that it is mention in most infects diseases in the world? Even more surprising, perhaps, is that several of the deadliest diseases, including the number one killer in the world, are at least partially preventable. Where a person lives, access to preventive care, and quality of healthcare all factor into their risk.
The top five deadliest diseases haven’t changed much in the past decade, but we have managed to lower the number of deaths for some of the top 10 deadliest diseases





Many of the world’s deadliest diseases can be prevented. Knowing what they are may be just the incentive you need to take preventive measures.The news is filled with stories about Ebola, and breast cancer gets a lot of press too. Would it surprise you to know that neither makes the list of the 10 deadliest diseases? Even more surprising, perhaps, is that several of the deadliest diseases, including the number one killer in the world, are at least partially preventable. Where a person lives, access to preventive care, and quality of healthcare all factor into their risk.

1. Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease)

coronary-artery-disease
The deadliest disease in the world is coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD, also called ischemic heart disease, occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart become narrowed. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 7.4 million people died of ischemic heart disease in 2012. That was about 13.2% of all deaths.
In the United States, about 600,000 people die of heart disease every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). That makes it the deadliest disease in the U.S., as well as the world. In the U.S. the most common type of heart disease is CAD, which takes about 380,000 lives each year.
Among the risk factors are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking. Regular exercise, good nutrition, and weight control can help lower your risk of developing CAD.
Where you live matters. Although it’s still the leading cause of death, mortality rates have declined in many European countries and in the United States. This may be due to better prevention and access to quality healthcare. However, in many developing nations, mortality rates due to CAD are on the rise.

2. Stroke

stroke
A stroke is when an artery in the brain is blocked or leaks. Oxygen-deprived brain cells begin to die within minutes.
Stroke was responsible for 6.7 million deaths around the world in 2012, according to WHO. That figure represents about 11.9 percent of all deaths. CDC figures show that nearly 130,000 people in the United States die of stroke each year — that’s one person every four minutes. About one in four strokes occur in people who have had a prior stroke. Stroke is also a leading cause of disability.
Risk factors for stroke are similar to those for CAD. In general, good health habits can lower your risks.

3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

copdcopd-state-facts
COPD is a chronic, progressive lung disease that makes it hard to breathe. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are types of COPD.
About 3.1 million deaths were attributed to COPD in 2012, according to WHO. That represents about 5.6 percent of deaths, a rate that has held steady since 2000. In 2004, about 64 million people around the world were living with COPD.
The main cause of COPD is tobacco — and that means secondhand smoke, too. Another factor is air pollution, both indoors and out. COPD affects men and women at about the same rate. There’s no cure for COPD, but its progression can be slowed down with medication.
The American Lung Association estimates that in 2011, 12.7 million adults in the United States had COPD, but even more showed some sign of lung problems. There’s a great variation in the number of cases from state to state. In 2011, about 4 percent of people in Minnesota and Washington had COPD. In Alabama and Kentucky, it was more than 9 percent.

4. Lower Respiratory Infections

lower-respiratory-infections
WHO estimates that lower respiratory infections caused about 3.1 million, or 5.5 percent of deaths in 2012. This group of diseases includes pneumonia, bronchitis, and influenza.
Flu season lasts from December through February in the Northern Hemisphere and from June through August in the Southern Hemisphere. The risk is year round in tropical regions.
According to the CDC, about 20 percent of travelers returning to the United States seek medical attention for respiratory infection following a trip. Packed cruise ships, hotels, and other close quarters increase risk of transmission and outbreaks of disease.

5. Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung Cancers

trachea-bronchus-lung-cancers
Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer are all respiratory cancers. The main causes of this type of cancer are smoking, second-hand smoke, and environmental toxins.
WHO estimates that in 2012, 1.6 million people died from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers. These cancers represent about 2.9 percent of all deaths globally.

6. HIV/AIDS

hiv-aidshiv-aids
*Source: amfAR
HIV is short for human immunodeficiency virus. It’s a virus that attacks the immune system. HIV can cause AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is a chronic, life-threatening condition.
According to the Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR), since the start of the pandemic, almost 39 million people have died due to HIV/AIDS. In 2013, about 1.5 million people lost their lives to AIDS. That’s about 2.7 percent of deaths worldwide.
By the end of 2012, 35.3 million people around the world were infected with HIV. Every day, about 5,700 more become infected.
Rates vary dramatically by geographical location. HIV is rampant in sub-Saharan Africa, where almost one in 20 adults has it. The region is home to 70 percent of all people who have HIV. Sadly, it’s also home to 91 percent of the HIV-positive children in the world.

7. Diarrheal Diseases

diarrheal-diseases
Diarrhea is when you pass three or more loose stools a day. When diarrhea lasts more than a few days, your body loses too much water and salt. Death is due to dehydration. Diarrhea is usually caused by an intestinal infection transmitted through viruses, bacteria, or even parasites. This type of infection can easily spread through contaminated water or food. It’s particularly widespread in developing nations that have poor sanitary conditions.
WHO estimates that 1.5 million people died from diarrheal diseases in 2012, which comprises about 2.7% of deaths. Fortunately, that’s down from 2.2 million in 2000. Diarrheal disease is the second top killer of children under age of five. Tragically, about 760,000 children die from diarrheal diseases each year.
According to a 2009 Unicef report, every year there are about 2.5 billion cases of diarrhea involving children under five years old. More than 50 percent occur in Africa and South Asia. More than 80 percent of child deaths due to diarrhea occur in those regions.
According to Unicef, healthy behaviors such as good handwashing technique can reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases by 40 percent. Progress is being made in the fight against diarrheal diseases, but much work remains. Improved sanitization and water quality can help prevent diarrheal diseases. Access to early medical intervention can be the difference between life and death.

8. Diabetes Mellitus

diabetes-mellitus
Diabetes is a group of diseases that affect insulin production and use. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas can no longer produce insulin. The cause is not known. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, or it can’t be used effectively. Type 2 diabetes can be caused by a number of factors, including poor diet, lack of exercise, and carrying too much weight.
In 2012, about 1.5 million people died from diabetes-related causes, according to WHO. People in low to middle income countries are more likely to die from complications of diabetes.

9. Preterm Birth Complications

preterm-birth-complications
According to WHO, in 2012, as many as 1.1 million deaths were due to prematurity and complications due to low birth weight. Three-quarters of these deaths happen within the first week of life. Lack of skilled medical care makes this a huge problem in developing countries. Many newborn deaths could be avoided with good prenatal and postnatal care.

10. Tuberculosis (TB)

tuberculosis
TB is a lung condition caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It’s an airborne disease that is often successfully treated. Some strains of TB are resistant to conventional treatments. Second-line drugs used to treat these patients are in limited supply. Some strains fail to respond to second-line treatment as well.
In 2012, about 900,000 people lost their lives to TB, according to WHOestimates. The majority of TB-related deaths happen in poorer countries. It is one of the top causes of death for people who have HIV.

Worthy of Mention

They didn’t make the top 10 deadliest disease list, but these diseases are definitely worth nothing.
Malaria is caused by a parasite that infects mosquitos. People get it from the bite of an infected mosquito. Malaria caused about 627,000 deaths in 2012, according to WHO. Sub-Saharan Africa took the brunt with 90 percent of all malaria deaths. Malaria is not contagious.
Measles is a contagious viral disease that can be prevented through immunization. In 2010, it killed about 139,300 people around the world, according to the CDC